Kościół San Nicola in Carcere – kościół wzniesiony na pogańskim kulcie

San Nicola in Carcere, makieta ukazująca trzy istniejące tu wcześniej świątynie - Junony (w środku), Spes i Janusa

San Nicola in Carcere, makieta ukazująca trzy istniejące tu wcześniej świątynie - Junony (w środku), Spes i Janusa

Kościół ten musi zainteresować każdego, kto choć raz go zobaczy. Wydaje się, jakby bezpośrednio wyrastał ze starożytnej budowli. Jego antyczne kolumny, dobrze widoczne po bokach, zadziwiają, a jednocześnie przypominają o odległych czasach wczesnego średniowiecza, gdy świątynie pogańskie po prostu anektowano dla nowych bogów i nowych wiernych. W miejscu, gdzie dziś stoi kościół, w starożytnym Rzymie znajdowały się trzy małe świątynie, ciasno do siebie przylegające, poświęcone: Junonie (opiekunce państwa), Janusowi (bogowi początku i końca) oraz Spes (bogini nadziei). Obok rozciągał się gwarny targ warzywny i owocowy (Forum Holitorium), graniczący z innym ważnym rzymskim placem – Forum Boarium, na którym handlowano bydłem.

San Nicola in Carcere, makieta ukazująca trzy istniejące tu wcześniej świątynie - Junony (w środku), Spes i Janusa
San Nicola in Carcere, strona południowa, kolumny i belkowanie dawnej świątyni Spes
San Nicola in Carcere, nawa główna
San Nicola in Carcere, mapa starożytnego Rzymu z trzema świątyniami przy Forum Holitorium (na żółto)
San Nicola in Carcere, fasada kościoła powstała w 1599 r., Giacomo della Porta
San Nicola in Carcere, widok kościoła w XVIII w., weduta - Giuseppe Vasi, zdj. Wikipedia
San Nicola in Carcere, podziemia
San Nicola in Carcere, podziemia
San Nicola in Carcere, Madonna z Dzieciątkiem, fresk, Antoniazzo Romano

Kościół ten musi zainteresować każdego, kto choć raz go zobaczy. Wydaje się, jakby bezpośrednio wyrastał ze starożytnej budowli. Jego antyczne kolumny, dobrze widoczne po bokach, zadziwiają, a jednocześnie przypominają o odległych czasach wczesnego średniowiecza, gdy świątynie pogańskie po prostu anektowano dla nowych bogów i nowych wiernych. W miejscu, gdzie dziś stoi kościół, w starożytnym Rzymie znajdowały się trzy małe świątynie, ciasno do siebie przylegające, poświęcone: Junonie (opiekunce państwa), Janusowi (bogowi początku i końca) oraz Spes (bogini nadziei). Obok rozciągał się gwarny targ warzywny i owocowy (Forum Holitorium), graniczący z innym ważnym rzymskim placem – Forum Boarium, na którym handlowano bydłem.

      Kościół San Nicola in Carcere, strona południowa,
      kolumny i belkowanie dawnej świątyni Spes

Najprawdopodobniej przed świątynią Junony, będącej również patronką macierzyństwa, znajdowała się kolumna Lactaria (czyli kolumna Mleczna), pod którą podrzucano niechciane dzieci. Zabrać mógł je każdy, kto zechciał. Obyczaj ten praktykowano aż do VI wieku, gdy cesarz Justynian ustanowił surowe kary dla matek w ten sposób pozbywających się potomstwa, co de facto w żaden sposób nie zmniejszyło liczby niechcianych dzieci, ale zmieniło formę uwalniania się od nich na bardziej brutalną. Od tego czasu dzieci takie po prostu wrzucano do Tybru. Ale zanim się to stało, pod koniec IV wieku świątynie zamknięto w związku z dekretem cesarza Teodozjusza Wielkiego, zabraniającym praktykowania pogańskich kultów. Przez wieki kompleks świątynny niszczał. Najprawdopodobniej budowle zaanektowano dla chrześcijańskiego kultu w VII albo VIII wieku, a jedną ze świątyń zamieniono na więzienie (stąd fragment wezwania kościoła „in carcere”, co po włosku znaczy „w więzieniu”). W XI wieku chylące się ku ruinie przybytki odnowiono i zintegrowano, tak że powstała z nich jedna przestrzeń. Z centralnej świątyni Junony stworzono nawę główną, natomiast z wąskich, oddzielających budynki uliczek – nawy boczne. Te z kolei wspierały się na kolumnadach dwóch pozostałych, obmurowanych w tym czasie świątyń – Spes i Janusa. Resztę bocznych świątyń rozebrano – posłużyły jako materiał budowlany. Wraz z modernizacją nadano kościołowi obecne wezwanie. Jego patronem został Mikołaj z Miry, którego żywot tonie w mgle legend, niemniej zna go każdy – to on jak żaden inny święty przetrwał w wyobraźni ludowej i nawet w dzisiejszych czasach cieszy się popularnością – w wielu krajach 6 grudnia przychodzi do grzecznych dzieci i rozdaje prezenty, ale o dziwo nie czyni tego w Italii. Jego kult, szeroko rozpowszechniony w imperium wschodniorzymskim, dotarł do Italii dopiero w IX wieku, wraz z translacją relikwii Mikołaja do Bari. Kolejna translacja części szczątków, tym razem już do samego Rzymu, nastąpiła w 1087 roku, co było bezpośrednim powodem nadania kościołowi imienia tego świętego. Niewykluczone, że pomysł wyszedł od zamieszkującej tę okolicę greckojęzycznej ludności Wiecznego Miasta, silnie związanej z tym świętym.

      Kościół San Nicola in Carcere, widok kościoła w XVIII w.,
      weduta - Giuseppe Vasi, zdj. Wikipedia

Kolejna odsłona dziejów kościoła nastąpiła pod sam koniec XVI wieku, gdy unowocześniono jego wnętrze, a projekt nowej fasady o wyszukanej, eleganckiej formie stworzył Giacomo della Porta. Pomysłodawcą tych zmian był kardynał Pietro Aldobrandini (bratanek papieża Klemensa VIII z rodu Aldobrandini), którego heraldyczne gwiazdy do dziś widnieją na elewacji i we wnętrzu świątyni. Jego nazwisko umieszczono również na fasadzie budowli, którą dodatkowo dekorują dwa reliefy – jeden przedstawia św. Mikołaja, drugi dwóch świętych – najprawdopodobniej Marka i Marcelina.

Z biegiem lat wokół kościoła zaczęły wyrastać ściśle do niego przylegające budowle, za sprawą których przez stulecia ukrywał on swe starożytne korzenie. W średniowieczu rozległe podziemia świątyni służyły jako miejsce pochówków, a do XIX wieku wykorzystywane były również jako sceneria odprawianych egzorcyzmów.

Dopiero w 1932 roku, w czasach Benito Mussoliniego, gdy przystąpiono do rozbiórki średniowiecznej tkanki miasta, narosłej wokół Teatru Marcellusa, i wytyczania nowej arterii komunikacyjnej (dziś via del Teatro di Marcello), oswobodzono starożytny przybytek z późniejszych naleciałości. Skoncentrowano się przy tym na centralnej części fasady, odkrywając tym samym antyczne kolumny po bokach. Aby wzmocnić strukturę budowli, odbudowano dużo wcześniej rozebraną średniowieczną dzwonnicę, a właściwie wieżę.

      Kościół San Nicola in Carcere,
      drewniany strop z XIX w

Schodząc do podziemi kościoła, można zobaczyć doskonale zachowane fragmenty podiów trzech wspomnianych świątyń i dzielące je uliczki. Pochodzą z III i II wieku p.n.e.. Najlepiej widać pozostałości świątyni Junony wraz z narosłymi wzdłuż jej boku pomieszczeniami, do dziś skrywającymi swe przeznaczenie. Jedni uważają, że były tu więzienia, inni, że biura i kantory handlowe oraz pokoje strażników Forum Holitorium.

Późnorenesansowe wnętrze dzisiejszego kościoła jest eleganckie, ale niezbyt bogate w znaczące obiekty sztuki. Koniecznie należy zwrócić uwagę na fragment renesansowego fresku, przedstawiający Madonnę z Dzieciątkiem.  Innym dziełem pochodzącym z tej samej epoki jest obraz kaplicy bocznej (po lewej stronie od wejścia) przedstawiający Zmartwychwstanie Chrystusa (1503), przypisywany warsztatowi Lorenzo Costy. Natomiast w kaplicy Aldobrandinich odnajdziemy freski barokowego malarza Giovanniego Baglione, który przeszedł do historii głównie z tego powodu, iż był biografem Caravaggia, zresztą go nieznoszącym. Ten bowiem w sarkastyczny sposób i bez pardonu wypowiadał się o braku talentu swego kolegi po fachu.

Malowidła w absydzie, drewniany strop z heraldycznymi symbolami papieża Piusa IX, podobnie jak większość dekoracji malarskich wnętrza, pochodzą z XIX wieku, kiedy to po raz kolejny podjęto się renowacji kościoła. Oglądając pozostałe malowidła, nie dajmy się zmylić: barokowe płótna zdobiące to sakralne wnętrze to kopie znanych oryginałów.

 

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        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '16' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '17' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '18' and `lang` = 'pl'700μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 18
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '18' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 18
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '19' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 19
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '19' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 19
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '20' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 20
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '20' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 20
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '21' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 21
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '21' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 21
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '22' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 22
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '22' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 22
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '23' and `lang` = 'pl'480μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 23
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '23' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 23
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '24' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 24
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '24' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 24
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '25' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 25
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '25' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 25
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '26' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 26
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '26' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 26
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '27' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 27
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '27' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '28' and `lang` = 'pl'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 28
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '28' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where (`parent_id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `settings`370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '193' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 193
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '193' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 193
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '193' and `lang` = 'pl'640μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 193
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '193' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 193
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '193'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 193
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '193' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 193
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '193'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 193
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '17' limit 1330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 17
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `attributes` where `key` in ('name') and (`table` = 'articles_categories')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. name
        • 1. articles_categories
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. 17
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_categories` where `articles_categories`.`id` = '16' limit 1360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 16
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select * from `articles_photos` where `article_id` = '193'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 193
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3246' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3246
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3247' and `lang` = 'pl'490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3247
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3248' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3248
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3249' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3249
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3250' and `lang` = 'pl'320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3250
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')320μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3251' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3251
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3252' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3252
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3253' and `lang` = 'pl'560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3253
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3254' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3254
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3255' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3255
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3257' and `lang` = 'pl'610μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3257
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')490μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3258' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3258
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3259' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3259
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3260' and `lang` = 'pl'440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3260
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3261' and `lang` = 'pl'650μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3261
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3262' and `lang` = 'pl'420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3262
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3263' and `lang` = 'pl'310μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3263
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3264' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3264
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3265' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3265
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3266' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 5
        • 1. 3266
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles_photos
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3267' and `lang` = 'pl'530μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_photos')500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '5' and `entity_id` = '3268' and `lang` = 'pl'340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 3268
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles_join` where `article_id` = '193'400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '29' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'780μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '29' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 29
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '29'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '29' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        • 0. 29
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '5' and `lang` = 'pl'380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `id` = '68' and `status` = 'ACTIVE' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null440μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'300μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • 1. 68
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '68' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 68
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '68'370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 68
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '121' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • 0. 2
        • 1. 121
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '121' and `lang` = 'pl'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        • 1. 121
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '121' and `lang` = 'pl'550μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 6
        • 1. 121
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '121'500μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        • 1. 121
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '121' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1560μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      • select `articles_categories`.*, `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` as `pivot_article_id`, `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `articles_categories` inner join `articles_categories_join` on `articles_categories`.`id` = `articles_categories_join`.`category_id` where `articles_categories_join`.`article_id` = '121'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • 0. 121
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '12' and `lang` = 'pl'290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. articles
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '176' and `lang` = 'pl'450μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        • 1. 176
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '3' and `entity_id` = '176' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • 1. 176
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '176' and `lang` = 'pl'600μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 176
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '176'350μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '176' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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        • 0. 176
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')370μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '3' and `lang` = 'pl'390μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')290μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '2' and `entity_id` = '192' and `lang` = 'pl'330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        • 1. 192
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 192
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_text` where `attribute_id` = '6' and `entity_id` = '192' and `lang` = 'pl'580μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 192
        • 2. pl
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '192'510μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '192' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 192
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')360μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. 17
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        • 1. ACTIVE
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles')380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '208'520μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '208' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1400μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
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      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')340μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '258'430μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `articles` where `articles`.`id` = '258' and `articles`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1380μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')420μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '17' and `lang` = 'pl'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles_categories' and `entity_id` = '17'570μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes` where (`table` = 'articles_categories')330μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `attributes_varchar` where `attribute_id` = '1' and `entity_id` = '16' and `lang` = 'pl'540μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • select * from `urls` where `table` = 'articles' and `entity_id` = '193'410μsbaza5943_roma
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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